Treating biliary cancer, or cholangiocarcinoma, requires a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals who specialise in various aspects of cancer care. Here are the key doctors and departments involved in the treatment of biliary cancer:

1. Gastroenterologists: Gastroenterologists are specialists in diseases of the digestive system, including the bile ducts. They play a crucial role in diagnosing biliary cancer through procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). These techniques allow gastroenterologists to visualise the bile ducts, obtain tissue samples for biopsy, and place stents to relieve bile duct obstructions.

2. Hepatobiliary Surgeons: Hepatobiliary surgeons specialise in surgical procedures involving the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. They perform complex surgeries to remove biliary tumours, such as partial hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and the Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy). Their expertise is critical for achieving complete tumour removal and managing complications during and after surgery.

3. Medical Oncologists: Medical oncologists focus on treating cancer with systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. They develop individualised treatment plans based on the specific characteristics of biliary cancer and the patient’s overall health. Medical oncologists also manage side effects and monitor the effectiveness of the treatments through regular follow-ups.

4. Radiation Oncologists: Radiation oncologists specialise in using radiation therapy to treat cancer. They design and deliver radiation treatment plans that target biliary tumours while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Techniques such as external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) are used to shrink tumours, alleviate symptoms, and improve patient outcomes.

5. Pathologists: Pathologists are essential in diagnosing biliary cancer by examining tissue samples obtained from biopsies or surgeries. They determine the type and grade of cancer, which provides critical information for staging the disease and planning appropriate treatment. Pathology reports guide oncologists and surgeons in making informed treatment decisions.

6. Interventional Radiologists: Interventional radiologists use imaging techniques to perform minimally invasive procedures that diagnose and treat biliary cancer. They may place stents to relieve bile duct obstructions, perform percutaneous biopsies to obtain tissue samples, or deliver localised treatments such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) directly to tumours.

7. Palliative Care Specialists: Palliative care specialists focus on improving the quality of life for patients with advanced biliary cancer by managing symptoms and providing supportive care. They address pain, nausea, jaundice, and other symptoms through medical and non-medical interventions. Palliative care teams also offer psychological support and assist patients and families with end-of-life care decisions.

8. Nutritionists/Dietitians: Nutritionists and dietitians play a vital role in managing the nutritional needs of patients with biliary cancer. They help patients maintain their weight, manage digestive issues, and ensure adequate nutrient intake during treatment. Proper nutrition support can enhance overall well-being and improve treatment tolerance.