Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, becomes compressed or irritated. CTS often affects people who perform repetitive hand movements, such as typing or using hand tools. In India, over 20% of office workers and those in manual labour report symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, making it a significant occupational health concern. If you experience persistent wrist pain, weakness, or numbness in your fingers that disrupts daily activities, it’s time to consult a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent worsening symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) can develop due to various factors that put pressure on the median nerve. Understanding these causes can help in taking preventive measures and seeking early treatment:

1. Repetitive Hand Movements: Frequent, repetitive motions such as typing, using a mouse, or gripping tools can irritate the tendons in the wrist, causing them to swell and compress the median nerve.

2. Wrist Anatomy and Injury: A smaller carpal tunnel, fractures, or dislocations in the wrist can reduce space for the median nerve, increasing the risk of compression and CTS.

3. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, especially during pregnancy or menopause, can lead to fluid retention and swelling, putting additional pressure on the carpal tunnel.

4. Workplace Factors: Jobs that involve high levels of wrist flexion or forceful, repetitive hand movements—such as assembly line work, construction, or data entry—are strongly linked to an increased risk of CTS.

5. Genetics: Some people inherit a predisposition to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, with naturally smaller carpal tunnels making them more susceptible to nerve compression.

Recognizing these causes can help identify potential risk factors and take steps to minimise them, ensuring better hand health and preventing the progression of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

CTS can develop gradually, with symptoms that may initially seem mild but often worsen over time. Here’s what to watch out for:

1. Tingling or Numbness: One of the most common symptoms is a tingling or “pins and needles” sensation, especially in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers. This may start as an occasional feeling but can become more frequent, particularly at night or after activities involving wrist movement.

2. Hand Pain and Discomfort: Many people with CTS experience pain that radiates from the wrist up to the arm or down into the fingers. This discomfort can make everyday activities like typing, holding a phone, or even driving feel challenging.

3. Weakness in the Hand: You might notice a decline in grip strength, making it difficult to grasp objects firmly or perform tasks that require precision. Dropping things more frequently can be a red flag for CTS.

4. Swelling Sensation: Some people report a feeling of swelling in the fingers, even when there is no visible swelling, leading to a sense of stiffness and difficulty moving the fingers freely.

5. Symptoms often become more pronounced during the night, causing sleep disturbances. Many find relief by shaking their hands or changing wrist positions.

Identifying these symptoms early on is key to managing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome effectively