Chronic diarrhoea, lasting more than four weeks, requires thorough evaluation to uncover the underlying cause. Medical professionals use a range of diagnostic tools to get to the root of the issue.

1. Medical History and Physical Exam: Your doctor will first ask about your symptoms, lifestyle, and any recent travels or diet changes. A physical exam will help identify any signs of dehydration, abdominal tenderness, or weight loss that could indicate a more serious condition.

2. Stool Tests: To detect infections, parasites, or inflammatory conditions, your doctor may request a stool sample. This can help identify whether bacteria, viruses, or parasites are causing the diarrhoea.

3. Blood Tests: Blood tests are often used to check for conditions like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or malabsorption disorders. These tests can also assess your overall health and detect signs of inflammation or infection.

4. Imaging Tests: If the cause of chronic diarrhoea isn’t clear, imaging tests like an abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be ordered. These tests allow doctors to examine the digestive tract for signs of structural abnormalities, blockages, or tumours.

5. Colonoscopy or Endoscopy: In some cases, your doctor may need to examine the inside of your intestines. A colonoscopy or endoscopy uses a small camera to look for inflammation, ulcers, or abnormal growths that could explain chronic diarrhoea. These procedures are particularly useful for diagnosing conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

By using these diagnostic tools, medical professionals can develop a personalised treatment plan to address the underlying cause of chronic diarrhoea and provide lasting relief.

When it comes to treating diarrhoea, especially persistent or severe cases, medical professionals tailor treatment based on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. The goal is to relieve symptoms, prevent dehydration, and address the root cause.

1. Rehydration Therapy: The first step in managing diarrhoea is often rehydration. Your doctor may recommend oral rehydration solutions (ORS), which help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes. In more severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids might be necessary to quickly restore hydration.

2. Medications: Depending on the cause, your doctor may prescribe medications to ease symptoms and treat the infection or inflammation. For bacterial infections, antibiotics may be used, while antidiarrheal medications like loperamide can help slow down bowel movements. If diarrhoea is related to inflammatory conditions like Crohn’s disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), specific medications to control inflammation and gut spasms may be prescribed.

3. Addressing Underlying Causes: If your diarrhoea is due to food intolerances, like lactose or gluten sensitivity, your doctor will work with you to adjust your diet and eliminate the triggering foods. For chronic conditions like celiac disease or irritable bowel syndrome, long-term dietary changes and medications are often required for effective management.

4. Probiotics and Dietary Changes: Your doctor may recommend probiotics to restore the balance of healthy gut bacteria, especially if diarrhoea was caused by antibiotics. Additionally, modifying your diet by avoiding fatty, spicy, or sugary foods and focusing on easy-to-digest meals can help manage symptoms and prevent recurrence.

5. Hospitalisation for Severe Cases: n rare instances of severe dehydration, infection, or complications, hospitalisation may be necessary. This allows medical professionals to monitor your condition closely, administer IV fluids, and treat any complications promptly.

With the right medical treatment, diarrhoea can be managed effectively, ensuring a quick recovery and preventing future episodes.