Kyphosis, commonly known as a “hunchback” or “round back,” is a spinal condition where there is an excessive forward curvature of the upper back, resulting in a rounded or hunched appearance. While mild kyphosis can cause discomfort and affect posture, severe cases can lead to chronic pain, breathing difficulties, and even affect mobility. In India, an increasing number of people, particularly adolescents and older adults, are affected by kyphosis, often due to poor posture, degenerative diseases, or spinal deformities. It is estimated that up to 10% of Indian school children may experience some form of postural kyphosis.

If you notice a visible curve in your upper back, experience persistent back pain, or have difficulty standing straight, it’s essential to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis and management plan. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes and prevent further complications.

Kyphosis can develop due to a variety of factors, ranging from lifestyle habits to underlying medical conditions. Here are some of the most common causes:

1. Poor Posture: Slouching or hunching over for prolonged periods, especially during adolescence, can lead to postural kyphosis. This is the most common and preventable type, often resulting from hours spent in front of screens or desks.

2. Osteoporosis: A condition that weakens the bones, making them more susceptible to fractures. Osteoporosis can cause the vertebrae in the spine to compress or crack, leading to a more pronounced curvature.

3. Spinal Abnormalities: Congenital conditions, such as Scheuermann’s disease, can cause abnormal development of the vertebrae during growth. This leads to a rigid, rounded back that worsens over time.

4. Degenerative Disc Disease: As we age, the spinal discs that act as cushions between the vertebrae can wear down. This degeneration can cause the spine to lose its natural curvature and result in kyphosis.

5. Injury or Trauma: Accidents or falls that damage the spine can result in fractures or compression of the vertebrae, causing a sudden or gradual development of kyphosis.

6.Connective Tissue Disorders: Conditions like Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, which affect the body’s connective tissues, can also contribute to abnormal spinal curvature.

Understanding the causes of kyphosis is the first step toward effective prevention and management. If you suspect any risk factors or notice symptoms, consulting with a healthcare professional can help in early diagnosis and treatment.

Kyphosis can present a range of symptoms, varying from mild to severe, depending on the degree of spinal curvature and underlying causes. Here’s what to look out for:

1. Visible Curvature: One of the most noticeable signs of kyphosis is a pronounced curve in the upper back, giving it a rounded or hunched appearance. This curvature may become more evident over time, affecting your overall posture.

2. Back Pain: Many individuals with kyphosis experience discomfort or pain in the upper back. The pain can range from a dull ache to sharp, stabbing sensations, especially after prolonged periods of sitting or standing.

3. Stiffness and Limited Mobility: Kyphosis often results in stiffness in the upper back, which can limit your ability to bend or twist. This stiffness may also contribute to a decreased range of motion in your back and shoulders.

4. Difficulty Breathing: In more severe cases, the curvature of the spine can compress the chest cavity, leading to breathing difficulties. This is particularly common in advanced kyphosis, where the curve is significant enough to impact lung function.

5. Fatigue: Chronic back pain and discomfort from kyphosis can lead to overall fatigue and a reduced ability to participate in daily activities. This can affect your quality of life and physical fitness.

If you experience any of these symptoms or notice a worsening of your posture, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. Early intervention can help manage the condition and prevent further complications.