Diagnosing Lateral Epicondylitis involves a thorough assessment by a medical professional to accurately identify the source of elbow pain and rule out other possible conditions. Here’s how healthcare providers typically diagnose Tennis Elbow:

1. Medical History: The diagnostic process begins with a detailed discussion about the patient’s symptoms, including the onset, duration, and aggravating factors. The doctor will inquire about activities that involve repetitive arm and wrist movements, such as playing sports (especially tennis), typing, or using tools.

2. Physical Examination: A comprehensive physical examination is crucial to assess the range of motion, strength, and tenderness in the affected elbow and forearm. The doctor will palpate the lateral epicondyle (the bony bump on the outside of the elbow) to check for localised tenderness and pain, which is characteristic of Tennis Elbow. Specific tests, such as the Cozen’s test or Mill’s test, may be performed to reproduce pain and confirm the diagnosis.

3. Imaging Studies: While not always necessary, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans may be ordered to rule out other causes of elbow pain, such as fractures or arthritis. These tests can also help visualise any structural changes or degenerative conditions affecting the tendons and muscles around the elbow.

4. Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS): In some cases, EMG and NCS may be recommended to assess the electrical activity and function of the muscles and nerves around the elbow. These tests can help determine the extent of nerve involvement and rule out conditions like nerve compression or radiculopathy.

The specific treatment plan may vary depending on the severity of symptoms and individual patient factors. Here’s an overview of the approaches medical professionals use to manage Tennis Elbow:

1. Rest and Activity Modification: Initially, patients are advised to rest the affected arm and avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms, such as repetitive gripping, lifting heavy objects, or participating in sports that strain the elbow. Modification of activities or ergonomic adjustments may be recommended to reduce stress on the elbow tendons.

2. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, are commonly prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. Topical NSAIDs or pain-relieving creams may also be used to provide localised relief.

3. Physical Therapy: Physical therapists play a crucial role in the management of Tennis Elbow. They design specific exercise programs to strengthen the muscles of the forearm, improve flexibility, and enhance joint stability. Techniques such as ultrasound therapy, ice or heat application, and manual therapy may also be utilised to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.

4. Bracing or Splinting: Wearing a forearm strap or brace, especially during activities that aggravate symptoms, can help alleviate strain on the elbow tendons and reduce pain. These devices provide support and stability while allowing some degree of mobility.

5. Corticosteroid Injections: In cases where pain and inflammation persist despite conservative measures, corticosteroid injections may be considered. These injections deliver anti-inflammatory medication directly into the painful area around the lateral epicondyle, providing temporary relief. However, their long-term efficacy can be limited and repeated use may carry risks.

6. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy: PRP injections involve using the patient’s own concentrated platelets to promote healing of damaged tendons. This emerging therapy aims to accelerate tissue repair and reduce inflammation, though its effectiveness for Tennis Elbow is still being studied.

7. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT): ESWT involves the use of high-energy shock waves to stimulate healing in damaged tendons. This non-invasive procedure may be recommended for patients who have not responded to other conservative treatments.

8. Surgical Options: In rare cases where symptoms persist despite extensive conservative treatments, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgical procedures for Tennis Elbow typically involve removing diseased tissue or repairing damaged tendons around the lateral epicondyle. These procedures are usually reserved for severe cases or when there is significant tendon degeneration.

Overall, the goal of treatment for Tennis Elbow is to alleviate pain, improve function, and prevent recurrence of symptoms.