Lateral Epicondylitis, commonly known as Tennis Elbow, is a condition characterised by pain and inflammation on the outer part of the elbow, often due to repetitive arm and wrist motions. In India, Tennis Elbow is prevalent among individuals engaged in repetitive activities, including athletes, manual labourers, and office workers.

Studies indicate that around 1-3% of the Indian population experiences this condition at some point in their lives. Early intervention is crucial to prevent chronic pain and functional impairment. If you experience persistent elbow pain or weakness that interferes with daily activities, it is important to consult a doctor promptly.

Our dedicated team of orthopaedic specialists is committed to providing comprehensive care and effective treatment plans for Tennis Elbow.

Lateral Epicondylitis, commonly known as Tennis Elbow, is primarily caused by overuse or repetitive strain of the forearm muscles and tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle, the bony prominence on the outside of the elbow. This condition is not limited to tennis players, as the name might suggest, but can affect anyone engaging in repetitive activities that strain the elbow.

1. Repetitive Motions and Overuse: The most common cause of Tennis Elbow is repetitive motions that involve extending the wrist and rotating the forearm. These movements place continuous stress on the tendons and muscles in the forearm, particularly the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon. Activities such as playing tennis or other racquet sports, painting, typing, using hand tools, and repetitive lifting can lead to microscopic tears in the tendon, resulting in inflammation, pain, and weakness in the elbow.

2. Occupational Hazards: Certain professions are more prone to developing Tennis Elbow due to the nature of the work, which often involves repetitive hand and arm movements. Carpenters, plumbers, painters, butchers, and chefs are among those at higher risk. Repetitive tasks such as hammering, gripping tools, slicing meat, or stirring food place significant stress on the forearm tendons, making them susceptible to overuse injuries.

3. Age and Biomechanical Factors: Age is another contributing factor, with individuals between the ages of 30 and 50 being most commonly affected. As we age, tendons lose some of their elasticity and strength, making them more prone to injury. Additionally, poor biomechanics, such as improper technique in sports or awkward postures at work, can exacerbate the stress on the tendons. For example, an incorrect tennis backhand stroke can place excessive strain on the tendons, leading to inflammation and pain.

4. Direct Trauma: In some cases, direct trauma to the elbow, such as a blow or a fall, can initiate the condition. This type of injury can cause acute damage to the tendons, leading to inflammation and the subsequent development of Tennis Elbow. Although less common than overuse injuries, direct trauma can be a significant cause in certain cases.

5. Underlying Health Conditions: Underlying health conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system can also predispose individuals to Tennis Elbow. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and other inflammatory diseases can weaken the tendons and make them more vulnerable to overuse injuries. These conditions can also affect the body’s ability to heal, prolonging recovery and increasing the risk of chronic pain.

In summary, Lateral Epicondylitis is most commonly caused by repetitive strain and overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons. Occupational activities, age-related changes, biomechanical factors, direct trauma, and underlying health conditions can all contribute to the development of this painful condition.

Tennis Elbow manifests through a distinctive set of symptoms primarily affecting the outer part of the elbow and forearm. These symptoms typically develop gradually and worsen over time, especially with repetitive use of the arm and wrist. Here are the common symptoms associated with Tennis Elbow:

1. Pain: Pain is the hallmark symptom of Tennis Elbow. It usually starts as mild discomfort on the outer side of the elbow and gradually intensifies. The pain may radiate down the forearm and can be exacerbated by activities such as gripping, lifting, or twisting motions of the wrist.

2. Tenderness: The affected area around the bony knob on the outside of the elbow (lateral epicondyle) becomes tender to touch. Pressing on or around this area often triggers pain, which can be sharp or aching in nature.

3. Stiffness: Individuals with Tennis Elbows may experience stiffness in the elbow joint, making it difficult to fully extend or bend the arm. This stiffness can worsen in the morning or after periods of rest.

4. Weakness: Weakness in the affected arm and wrist is common, particularly when performing tasks that require gripping or lifting. Reduced grip strength can affect everyday activities such as shaking hands, turning a doorknob, or holding objects firmly.

5. Painful Movements: Specific movements, such as shaking hands or turning a screwdriver, can provoke sharp, shooting pains in the elbow and forearm. Activities that involve repetitive wrist extension, such as playing tennis or using a computer mouse, often exacerbate symptoms.

6. Difficulty with Activities: As Tennis Elbow progresses, individuals may find it challenging to perform activities that were once routine, leading to functional limitations and decreased productivity.