Ligament injuries to the knee are among the most common causes of knee pain, particularly in athletes and active individuals. The knee contains four main ligaments — the ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL — that provide stability and support during movement. Injury to any of these ligaments, often caused by sudden twisting, jumping, or impact, can result in pain, swelling, and instability.

In India, ligament injuries are increasingly prevalent, especially among young athletes and sports enthusiasts, with over 200,000 ACL reconstructions performed annually. If you experience knee pain, swelling, or difficulty bearing weight, it’s essential to consult a doctor promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent further damage and help you get back on your feet faster.

Ligament injuries in the knee are often sudden and can happen to anyone, from athletes to those who lead a more sedentary lifestyle. Here are some common causes:

1. Sports Activities: High-impact sports such as football, basketball, and soccer are leading causes of ligament injuries, particularly the ACL. Sudden stops, pivots, or directional changes put immense stress on the knee, increasing the risk of tearing a ligament.

2. Falls and Accidents: A slip on a wet floor or a fall from a height can twist or hyperextend the knee, resulting in damage to one or more ligaments. Motor vehicle accidents can also cause severe knee injuries due to direct trauma or forceful impact.

3. Improper Landing Techniques: Landing awkwardly from a jump, especially with the knee twisted or bent, can overstretch and tear knee ligaments. This is common in sports that involve frequent jumping, like volleyball or basketball.

4. Repetitive Strain: Overuse or repetitive stress from certain activities like running or heavy lifting can weaken the knee ligaments over time, making them more susceptible to injury.

5. Weak Muscles or Imbalances: Weak or imbalanced muscles around the knee, such as the quadriceps or hamstrings, fail to adequately support the joint. This lack of support can lead to instability and increase the risk of ligament tears during physical activities.

Understanding these causes can help you take preventive measures and protect your knee ligaments from injury.

Ligament injuries to the knee can vary in severity, but they often present with some common and noticeable symptoms. Recognizing these symptoms early can help you seek timely medical care and prevent further damage.

1. Immediate Pain and Swelling: A sudden, sharp pain in the knee following a twist, fall, or impact is a common sign of a ligament injury. Swelling often follows within a few hours, making the knee feel tender, puffy, and sometimes warm to the touch.

2. Instability or “Giving Way” Sensation: If your knee feels unstable or as if it might give out when you stand or walk, it could indicate a ligament tear. This sensation is especially common in ACL injuries and can severely affect your ability to move or bear weight on the injured leg.

3. Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee is another key symptom of ligament damage. The knee may feel stiff, locked, or stuck, making it hard to perform simple activities like walking or climbing stairs.

4. Popping or Clicking Sound: A loud pop or clicking sound at the moment of injury often accompanies ligament tears, especially ACL injuries. If you heard or felt a pop in your knee, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.

5. Bruising and Tenderness: Bruising around the knee may develop within hours or days after the injury, along with tenderness when you touch or press on the knee joint. This can indicate internal bleeding or damage to the surrounding tissues.

Recognising these symptoms early and seeking professional evaluation can make a significant difference in recovery outcomes.