Pancreatic cancer arises when abnormal cells in the pancreas multiply uncontrollably, forming tumours. Known for its aggressive nature and often diagnosed at advanced stages, pancreatic cancer poses significant challenges in treatment and prognosis.

In India, pancreatic cancer is a growing concern, with a rising incidence observed across different regions. Factors such as smoking, obesity, diabetes, and genetic predisposition contribute to its prevalence. Advanced diagnostic techniques, including imaging studies like CT scans and MRI, along with tumour markers such as CA 19-9, are crucial for early detection.

If you experience symptoms such as persistent abdominal or back pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, or digestive issues, it’s vital to consult a doctor promptly. Early diagnosis enhances treatment options and improves outcomes for managing pancreatic cancer effectively.

Understanding the causes of pancreatic cancer is crucial for prevention and early detection. While the exact cause is often unknown, several risk factors can contribute to the development of this serious condition:

1. Genetic Predisposition: Family history plays a significant role. Individuals with a close relative who has had pancreatic cancer are at a higher risk. Genetic mutations such as BRCA2, and those associated with hereditary pancreatitis, can also increase susceptibility.

2. Smoking: Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor. Smokers are twice as likely to develop pancreatic cancer compared to non-smokers. The harmful chemicals in cigarettes damage pancreatic cells and contribute to cancerous growth.

3. Chronic Pancreatitis: Long-term inflammation of the pancreas, often due to heavy alcohol consumption or certain genetic conditions, can increase cancer risk. Chronic pancreatitis can lead to cellular changes that may eventually turn cancerous.

4. Obesity and Diet: Being overweight or obese can elevate the risk of pancreatic cancer. A diet high in red and processed meats, and low in fruits and vegetables, may also contribute to the development of the disease.

5. Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes can be both a risk factor and a symptom of pancreatic cancer. Chronic high blood sugar levels can affect pancreatic health and potentially lead to cancer.

6. Age and Gender: The risk of pancreatic cancer increases with age, particularly after age 60. Additionally, men are slightly more likely to develop the disease than women.

Being aware of these risk factors can help in taking preventive measures and seeking medical advice early. Regular check-ups and lifestyle adjustments are key to reducing your risk and ensuring overall well-being.

Recognizing the potential symptoms that may indicate the need for pancreatic cancer treatment is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention. Here are some common signs and symptoms that individuals should be aware of:

1. Abdominal Pain: Persistent, dull pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen or back is a common symptom of pancreatic cancer. The pain may radiate from the abdomen to the back and worsen after eating or lying down.

2. Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) occurs when a tumour in the pancreas blocks the bile duct. This can lead to dark urine, pale stools, itching, and yellowing of the skin and eyes.

3. Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unintended weight loss, despite normal eating habits, can occur due to pancreatic cancer affecting the body’s metabolism and nutrient absorption.

4. Digestive Issues: Pancreatic cancer can cause digestive problems such as nausea, vomiting, and changes in bowel movements, including diarrhoea or oily, pale stools (steatorrhea).

5. Loss of Appetite: A decreased desire to eat, coupled with feelings of fullness even after eating small amounts of food, may indicate pancreatic cancer affecting digestion and nutrient absorption.

6. New-Onset Diabetes: In some cases, pancreatic cancer can disrupt insulin production, leading to the development of diabetes in individuals with no previous history of the disease.

7. Fatigue and Weakness: Generalised tiredness, weakness, and a decreased ability to perform daily activities can result from pancreatic cancer affecting overall body function and energy levels.

8. Blood Clotting Issues: Pancreatic cancer can increase the risk of developing blood clots (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism), which may cause swelling, pain, or difficulty breathing.

9. Back Pain: Pain in the lower back or mid-back can be a symptom of pancreatic cancer, particularly if it is persistent and not related to other known causes.

10. Enlarged Gallbladder: Palpable enlargement of the gallbladder, detected during a physical examination, may indicate obstruction of the bile duct by a pancreatic tumour.

If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if they persist or worsen over time, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional promptly for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management.