Rotator cuff injuries involve damage to a group of four muscles and their tendons that stabilise and move the shoulder joint. These injuries are common and can cause significant pain and functional limitations. In India, rotator cuff injuries are frequently seen among athletes, particularly in sports that involve overhead movements, as well as in older adults due to age-related wear and tear.

Approximately 20% of adults will experience a rotator cuff injury in their lifetime. If you experience persistent shoulder pain, weakness, or difficulty lifting your arm, it’s important to consult a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing symptoms effectively and preventing further damage.

Rotator cuff injuries can occur due to various factors, often involving a combination of acute trauma and chronic wear and tear. Here are some common causes:

1. Overuse and Repetitive Strain: Frequent overhead activities, such as throwing, lifting, or reaching, can put excessive stress on the rotator cuff muscles and tendons. This is common in athletes involved in sports like baseball, tennis, and swimming, as well as in occupations requiring repetitive arm movements.

2. Acute Traumat: A sudden injury from a fall, direct impact, or lifting a heavy object incorrectly can tear the rotator cuff tendons. Acute trauma often leads to immediate pain and limited shoulder movement.

3. Age-Related Degeneration: As we age, the tendons in the rotator cuff naturally weaken and become more prone to injury. This degeneration can be exacerbated by everyday activities and minor injuries, leading to tears or fraying over time.

4. Poor Posture and Ergonomics: Poor posture and improper ergonomics, especially when working at a desk or performing repetitive tasks, can strain the shoulder muscles and contribute to rotator cuff problems. Slouching or improper arm positioning can increase the risk of injury.

5. Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have an inherent predisposition to rotator cuff injuries due to genetic factors that affect tendon strength or joint structure, making them more susceptible to tears or strain.

6. Muscle Imbalances: Weakness or imbalances in the shoulder muscles, particularly the muscles that support and stabilise the rotator cuff, can lead to increased strain on the tendons. Strengthening the surrounding muscles is crucial for preventing and managing injuries.

Understanding these causes can help you take preventive measures and address issues before they lead to significant injury

Rotator cuff injuries can significantly impact your daily activities, making it essential to identify the symptoms early. Here’s what to look for:

1. Persistent Shoulder Pain: A key symptom of a rotator cuff injury is persistent pain in the shoulder, especially when performing overhead activities or reaching behind your back. The pain may start as a dull ache and can intensify over time, disrupting your sleep and daily routine.

2. Weakness in the Arm: If you notice a weakness in your arm or difficulty lifting objects, it could be a sign of a rotator cuff tear. This weakness often affects activities such as lifting, carrying, or even combing your hair.

3. Limited Range of Motion: Rotator cuff injuries can cause stiffness and a reduced range of motion in the shoulder. You might find it challenging to fully raise your arm or rotate your shoulder, impacting your ability to perform everyday tasks.

4. Clicking or Popping Sensations: Some people with rotator cuff injuries experience clicking, popping, or grinding sensations in the shoulder joint when moving their arm. These sounds can indicate tendon irritation or partial tears.

5. Tenderness and Swelling: Tenderness around the shoulder joint and swelling in the affected area are common symptoms. Swelling may be accompanied by warmth and redness, especially if there’s significant inflammation.

6. Difficulty with Specific Movements: You might struggle with certain movements that involve lifting, reaching, or rotating the arm. Activities like reaching for a shelf, throwing, or even carrying groceries can become increasingly difficult and painful.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can help alleviate pain, restore function, and prevent further damage to your rotator cuff.