Diagnosing a spinal cord injury (SCI) involves a meticulous process to accurately assess the extent of damage and determine the best course of treatment. Here’s how medical professionals typically approach the diagnosis:

1. Initial Assessment: The process begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. Doctors will ask about the injury event, symptoms experienced, and any changes in sensation or movement. This initial assessment helps identify the severity and location of the injury.

2. Neurological Examination: A thorough neurological exam is crucial. This includes evaluating muscle strength, reflexes, and sensory functions. Doctors assess how well the brain and spinal cord are communicating and identify areas of impairment.

3. Imaging Tests: To visualise the spinal cord and surrounding structures, imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs are often used. These tests provide detailed images of the spine, helping to detect fractures, dislocations, or other structural abnormalities that might be causing the injury.

4. Electrophysiological Studies: In some cases, doctors may use tests like electromyography (EMG) or nerve conduction studies to assess nerve function and identify the extent of damage to the spinal cord.

5. Clinical Observation: Continuous monitoring and observation of the patient’s symptoms and physical responses are important for a comprehensive diagnosis. Follow-up assessments help track changes over time and adjust treatment plans as needed.

By combining these diagnostic methods, healthcare professionals can accurately determine the presence and severity of a spinal cord injury.

Treating a spinal cord injury (SCI) requires a multidisciplinary approach tailored to each patient’s needs. Here’s how medical professionals typically manage SCI to maximise recovery and improve quality of life:

1. Spinal Decompression Surgery: One of the primary surgical treatments for SCI, spinal decompression surgery aims to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves caused by fractures, herniated discs, or bone fragments. By removing the source of compression, this surgery helps reduce pain, restore nerve function, and prevent further damage, enhancing the patient’s mobility and quality of life.

2. Spinal Fusion: Spinal fusion is often performed alongside decompression to provide stability to the spine. During this procedure, two or more vertebrae are permanently joined using bone grafts, rods, or screws, which helps maintain spinal alignment and reduces pain caused by unstable spinal segments. This technique is especially beneficial in cases of severe fractures or deformities, providing a solid foundation for the spine to heal.

3. Laminectomy: In some spinal cord injuries, the lamina (the back part of the vertebra) is removed to create more space within the spinal canal, relieving pressure on the spinal cord. Known as laminectomy, this procedure is often combined with other surgeries like fusion and decompression. It’s particularly useful in cases where spinal stenosis, tumours, or bone spurs contribute to nerve compression.

4. Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy: Post-surgery, rehabilitation plays a crucial role in SCI recovery. Physical therapy focuses on regaining strength, improving mobility, and retraining the body to perform everyday tasks. Occupational therapy helps patients adapt to new ways of living, enhancing their independence and overall quality of life.

4. Pain Management and Supportive Care: Pain management is essential throughout the treatment process. This includes medications, physical therapy, and alternative therapies like acupuncture to help alleviate chronic pain and improve comfort levels.

Combining these advanced surgical techniques with comprehensive rehabilitation and supportive care ensures that patients receive the best possible outcomes. The goal is not just to treat the injury but to empower patients to regain their independence and improve their quality of life.