Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, begins in the lining of the stomach and can spread to other parts of the body if not detected early. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

In India, stomach cancer is a significant health concern, with a higher incidence observed in certain regions and among specific populations. Factors such as diet, smoking, family history, and infections like Helicobacter pylori contribute to its prevalence. Advanced diagnostic techniques, including endoscopy, imaging studies, and biopsy, play a crucial role in early detection and treatment planning.

If you experience symptoms such as persistent indigestion, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or blood in the stool, it’s essential to consult a doctor promptly. Early diagnosis can lead to more effective treatment options and better outcomes for managing stomach cancer.

Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, is a complex disease influenced by various factors. Understanding these causes can help in early detection and prevention. Here are some key factors that may contribute to the development of stomach cancer:

1. Helicobacter pylori Infection: This common bacterium can cause chronic inflammation in the stomach lining, increasing the risk of stomach cancer. Persistent infections may lead to conditions like peptic ulcers, which are linked to a higher cancer risk.

2. Dietary Habits: Consuming a diet high in salted, smoked, or pickled foods can contribute to stomach cancer. These foods often contain harmful substances like nitrates and nitrites, which may increase cancer risk. Additionally, a diet low in fresh fruits and vegetables may also be a contributing factor.

3. Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Smoking tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption are both associated with a higher risk of developing stomach cancer. These substances can irritate the stomach lining and contribute to cellular damage over time.

4. Genetic Factors: Family history plays a significant role in stomach cancer risk. Certain genetic mutations and inherited conditions, such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome, can increase susceptibility to the disease.

5. Age and Gender: The risk of stomach cancer generally increases with age, and it is more common in men than in women. This may be related to cumulative exposure to risk factors over time.

6. Previous Stomach Conditions: Conditions such as chronic gastritis, gastric polyps, or stomach surgeries can increase the likelihood of developing stomach cancer. Monitoring and managing these conditions is crucial for reducing cancer risk.

By recognizing these potential causes, individuals can take proactive steps to reduce their risk and seek timely medical advice for any concerning symptoms.

Recognizing the potential symptoms of stomach cancer is crucial for early diagnosis and timely medical intervention. Here are some common signs and symptoms that may indicate the need for stomach cancer treatment:

1. Persistent Indigestion or Heartburn: Chronic indigestion that does not improve with over-the-counter medications or changes in diet may signal underlying issues, including stomach cancer.

2. Abdominal Pain or Discomfort: Persistent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, especially after eating, can be a symptom of stomach cancer as the tumour grows and affects surrounding tissues.

3. Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unintended weight loss without changes in diet or physical activity can occur due to cancer-induced metabolic changes or decreased appetite caused by stomach cancer.

4. Loss of Appetite: A decreased desire to eat, coupled with feelings of fullness even after eating small amounts of food, may indicate stomach cancer affecting digestion and overall nutritional intake.

5. Nausea and Vomiting: Persistent nausea, vomiting, or feelings of queasiness can occur as the tumour obstructs the stomach or affects its normal function.

6. Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, may occur as stomach cancer progresses and obstructs the passage of food through the oesophagus into the stomach.

7. Bloody Stools or Vomit: Blood in the stool (hematochezia) or vomit (hematemesis) can be alarming signs of advanced stomach cancer, indicating bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract.

8. Fatigue and Weakness: Generalised tiredness, weakness, and a decreased ability to perform daily activities can result from stomach cancer affecting overall body metabolism and nutrient absorption.

9. Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) may occur in advanced stages of stomach cancer if the tumour obstructs the bile ducts or liver.

10. Enlarged Lymph Nodes: Palpable enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen or neck may indicate spread (metastasis) of stomach cancer to nearby lymph nodes.