Dealing with Typhoid The Myth-Free And Fact-Based Way!

Verified By
KIMS-SUNSHINE
Specialist,
21 August, 2024

India had the highest number of typhoid cases in the world recorded in 2021- more than 10 million in fact! It is caused by a bacteria called Salmonella typhi, and is a kind of enteric food poisoning disorder. The symptoms are mostly not that severe, but when they do progress quickly, it can get life threatening. The bacterium is found in very large quantities in the urine or faecal matter of affected individuals, which is why proper sanitation matters so much, and is largely preventable with proper infrastructure.

Myths vs Facts: Understanding Typhoid Fever

Let us look at some very common myths and debunk them too:

• Myth 1: Typhoid can be cured at home with simple remedies.
• Fact 1: Nope. Since it is a bacterial infection, you will be prescribed antibiotics. Just drinking hot soups or resting may make you feel better, but if the symptoms are severe, then your immune system may not be able to hold its own in the battle against the pathogen.

• Myth 2: You are safe from typhoid, if you have been infected before.
• Fact 2: Again, no. immunity after infection is present for a short period of time, and to stay protected, one must get vaccinated.

• Myth 3: Typhus and typhoid are the same. Paratyphoid too.
• Fact 3: No! Typhus is caused by the Rickettsia bacterium, while typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi. Paratyphoid is caused by Salmonella paratyphi. They are all completely different causative agents, requiring different treatment approaches.

• Myth 4: Typhoid can spread if you cough or sneeze.
• Fact 4: Wrong. Beep beep. It is spread through contaminated water reserves and faecal matter. It is not an air borne disease agent.

Early Signs And Symptoms Of Typhoid Fever

If the infection is not severe, then the following symptoms may be observed-

• High fever that tends to persist
• Raging headaches
• Feeling very tired all the time
• Cough
• Constipation or diarrhoea
• Random chills
• Rash on the chest or stomach
• Body ache

How To Diagnose Typhoid Fever Accurately

Antibody or pathogenic DNA (IgM or Widal Test) presence can be checked, but a culture test is the best way to go- you may be asked to provide a urine, stool or blood sample for the same. Blood culture is considered a gold standard in the diagnostic field. RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) may also be used in some cases.

Can Typhoid Fever Be Diagnosed Without A Test?

No, since the symptoms mimic any other infections that can hit you, making the right diagnosis without any testing is impossible. But, you can go for medical help if you notice red spots on the body, or any of the other symptoms mentioned above.

Conclusion

Symptoms associated with typhoid are awfully similar to influenza, dengue, malaria or similar infections, and hence getting the correct diagnosis requires proper testing to be done. The treatment is pretty simple and easy- you may be prescribed antibiotics for a particular period of time by the doctor. While doing so, you can rest easy at home, and eat good quality food to help you feel better. Do not forget to drink a lot of boiled or filtered water either. Following some precautions like not eating raw food and including copious amounts of probiotics will help heal your gut.

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